Differential



Nov. 18, 1930.

DIFFERENTIAL Filed p 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.1

1 N V EN TOR.

c. ANDRADE, JR 1,781,996

Nbv. 18, 1930.

c. ANDRADE, JR 1,781,996

DIFFERENTIAL Filed Sept. 28, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.2

INVENTOR.

Patented Nov. 1S, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE CIPBIANO ANDRADE; an, .onnnw YORK; n. Y.

DIFFERENTIAL Application filed September 2a; 1926. seriaino. 138,157.

eliminated to show the interior arrangement,

Similar letters and numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views:

holes to hold the bolts which fasten the master gear to the driving member; A are the eccentric locking surfaces on the inner face of driving member A; A are the end bearing surfaces of driving member A; are the two driven members; B are the circular locking surfaces of driven members B B is the opening in driven member B to admit the axle end; axle end; B are the end bearing surfaces of driven members B ;C are the hollow locking rollers D are the control rods D v is the large end of the control rod which preferably fits closely into the roller C D is the small end of the control rod which permits a limited circumferential motion of the roller which is over said small end D E is the master gear with gear teeth and F is the drive gear wlth gear teeth which rotates the master gear E.

It will be understood that the control rod D might be made with its large end D integral with a solid roller and with its small end I) fitting into a roller with an opening larger than D as fully disclosed in my issued. Patent 1 5O5,124.

It will be understood that instead of the first set of locking rollers C being in contact with the second set of locking rollers C as shown in Fig. 1, it will be entirely proper to use a spring or solid circular ring between the inside ends of the first set of locking rollers C and the second set of locking rollers C,-

as shown in my form E in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and in my specification in my Patent No. 1,706,867.

B is the keyway to hold the key for the And as shown in Fig. 1 it is very good to have the two driven members B not quite .in contact with each other.

It will be understood that when my present device is installed in a rear axle housing the usual outside washers, roller bearingsor other similar. devices on the outside of the differentiahand insideof the rear aXlehous-. ing will keep this differential in assembly, so that the two driven members B cannot work I too far apart.

"It will be understood that instead ofthe master gear E being. fastened sideways on the left hand endof the drivingmember A, A is the driving member; A are the bolt be fastened on the middle of the driving :member A or made a part of driving member A and fasteneddownward instead of" sideways, as. is well known in some of the other well known trucks and cars. As is well known in the art the master gear can be put at any position desired. i

The operation of my device is as follows: The differential functioningof the rollers and control rods is fullvdescribed in my issued Patents Nos. 1,471,642; 1,505,124 and 1,505,687. But by a'large number of road tests in cars and trucks it has been found that when the car or truckis running down a hillwith the clutch out, or is running at speed the centrifugal throw or the rollers caused.

on a level road and the clutch is thrownout,

the rapid rotation of the differential forces the rollers. G into the centres of the occentric'arcs A ofthedriving member A; and when the rollers are in this position, when the clutch is thrown in, and the driving member starts to rotate at a different speed from the drivenmembers. the'rollers in my type of difi'erentialcovered by my issued Patent 1,505,124 sometimes remain in the centres of the arcs for some appreciable time before they happen to touch the cylindrical surface of the inner driven member and become locked. This produces more or less of a backlash or slip. And this is caused by the fact that there are flange bearings on theouter Ill ends of the driving member in my issued Patent 1,505,124; and in all other known roller locking differentials which have the locking surface of the driving member outside of the locking surface of the driven member there is always some rigidly attached or integral element'on said driving member or some element in contact with said driving member, the mechanical disadvantage whereof will hereafter be fully explained; and th'ese flange hearings or other similar elements tend to prevent the locking surface of the driving member and the roller and the locking 7 surface of the driven member from being in direct contact with each other except when the roller is actually, brought tofthe locking point away from the neutral centre of said locking surface of the, driving member. But by eliminating the endiianges or other similar elements, as shown in my present device, and as hereinafter fully explained at least one roller on each driven member at all times is in direct pressure contact both with the locking surface of the driving member and also with the locking surface of the driven member, i

even when the roller is in neutral position at the centre of the eccentric arc of the driving member. And. if even one roller is thus in direct pressure contact both with the driving member and a driven member, backlash and slippage becomes impossible, because the moment the driving member starts to rotate faster than the driven member it carries the] roller from the neutral centre of the eccenthe eccentric locking surfaces A As a matter offact, while 1n cth1s neutralpositlon, there 1s a' radial clearance of a few thoutrio arc to the locking point of the eccentric are, and all the other rollers on that driven member are'thus forced to look also. The

reason why this highly important and novel function occurs in my present device is due to the elimination of the end flanges or other similar elements. hereof it will be observed that the rollers C are all in neutral position at the centres of sandths of an inch betweenthe inner or outer surface of each rollerC and the locking surface 3-, or the neutral centre of the locking surface A this slight radial clearance at the neutral centres of the locking surfaces A is a mechanical necessity, in order to allow the rollers toiinove circrunferentially in one d1- rection or the other to the actual locking position, as therein shown by the elements Y 7 points in A at, for example, one sixteenth of By reference to Fig. 2'

with each other as shown in Fig; Zherein r a. set-of locklng rollers not in contact with each other as shown for example in my said Patent 1,546,460 or any mechanical equivalent thereof-.- Ofcourse on the other hand,- the rollers in' contact: with each otherare much more efficient in Wearingqualitythan when. rollers are not m contact with each other,

asfully explained lllll ly said Patent No.

The elimination of the end flanges not only produces this highly important function, but

also very' much simplifiesand cheapens the production of the dilferential.

' Iclaim'; 1

y 1. In a diiiercntlal; a first set of locking rollers; a second set of locking rollers; a driving member outside of said locking rollers; a first driven mei'nber inside of said first set of locking rollers; a second'iilriven member inside of said second set of locking rollers; said driving memberbeing supported only by said locking rollers.

2,111 a differential; a first set of locking rollers in contact with each other; a second set of locking rollers in contact with each other; a driving member outside of said locking rollers; a first drivcn member inside of said first set of locking rollers; a second driven member inside of said second set of locking rollers; said driving member being supported only by said locking rollers.

- CIP RIANO ANDRADE, JR.

an inch one way or the other from the neutral I centre of said locking surface AP.

In like manner, by reference to Figs, 1 and 2 of my Patent No. 1,546,460, it will be i that the rollers need not necessarily be i directcontact with one another, but if the, are held inexact relative circumferential and Z thereof; which said elements Y and Z are not-1n circumferential touch either with 

